pope gregory xiii
Check out our pope gregory xiii selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. Pope Gregory XIII issued an edict outlining his calendar reforms. put under grave duress at the conclave], prevented from taking the Papal Chair and illegally replaced by Roncalli aka "pope" John XXIII. He celebrated the massacre with a Te Deum (hymn of praise to God) at Rome. June 1, 1910. But even if Gregory XIII was aware of all the circumstances of the massacre (which has never been proven), it must be borne in mind that he did not rejoice at the bloodshed, but at the suppression of a political and religious rebellion. ; MILEY, History of the Papal States. Despite Lilius’ ingenious … Ott, Michael. Later, he taught jurisprudence at the same university, and had among his pupils […] Gregory XIII spared no efforts to restore the Catholic Faith in the countries that had become Protestant. Some historians have severely criticized Gregory XIII for ordering that the horrible massacre of the Huguenots on St. Bartholomew's Day in 1572 be celebrated in Rome by a "Te Deum" and other marks of rejoicing. In 1581, Gregory XIII dispatched the Jesuit Antonio Possevino as nuncio to Russia, to mediate between Tsar Ivan IV and King Bathory of Poland. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Janet van Heyst. Closely connected with the reform of the calendar is the emendation of the Roman martyrology which was ordered by Gregory XIII in the autumn of 1580. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. To remain informed of the Catholic situation in that country and keep in closer contact with its rulers, he erected resident nunciatures at Vienna in 1581 and at Cologne in 1582. In 1574 he sent the Polish Jesuit Warsiewicz to John III of Sweden in order to convert him to Catholicity. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. My email address is webmaster at newadvent.org. The papacy of Pope Gregory XIII lasted for 12 years and 332 days. Gregory's efforts to procure religious liberty for the Catholics of England were without avail. However, the later the switch occurred, the more days had to be omitted. The papal bull issued by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582, decreed that 10 days be dropped when switching to the Gregorian Calendar. Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads. The banditti who infested the Campagna were protected by the barons and the peasantry and became daily more bold. Start the day smarter. Perhaps one of the happiest events during his pontificate was his arrival at Rome of four Japanese ambassadors on 22 March, 1585. His election was greeted with joy by the Roman people, as well as by the foreign rulers. The result was that the aristocracy hated the papal government, and incited the peasantry to do the same. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. In a brief, dated 14 January, 1584, Gregory XIII ordered that the new martyrology should supersede all others. The papal influence over the aristocracy being thus weakened, the barons of the Romagna made war against each other, and a period of bloodshed ensued which Gregory XIII was helpless to prevent. Nihil Obstat. On its façade, there is a large bronze statue located over the portal. While in Spain he was appointed secretary of papal Briefs, and after the election of Pius V, 7 Jan., 1566, he returned to Rome to enter upon his new office. By his Bull "Provisionis nostrae" of 29 Jan., 1579, he confirmed the acts of his predecessor Pius V, condemning the errors of Baius, and at the same time he commissioned the Jesuit, Francis of Toledo, to demand the abjuration of Baius. He studied jurisprudence at the University of Bologna, from which he was graduated at an early age as doctor of canon and of civil law. Gregory is often criticized for backing the Irish rebels against the anti-Catholic actions of Queen Elizabeth I of England and for his reaction to the Massacre of St. Bartholomew’s Day, the slaughter of Huguenots (French Protestants) that began in Paris on August 24, 1572, and spread throughout France. He approved the Congregation of the Oratory in 1574, the Barnabites in 1579, and the Discaleed Carmalites in 1580. In 1581, Gregory XIII dispatched the Jesuit Antonio Possevino as nuncio to Russia, to mediate between Tsar Ivan IV and King Bathory of Poland. Moreover, the imposition of port charges at Aneona and the levy of import taxes on Venetian goods by the papal government, crippled commerce to a considerable extent. The Catholic Encyclopedia. The papal influence over the aristocracy being thus weakened, the barons of the Romagna made war against each other, and a period of bloodshed ensued which Gregory XIII was helpless to prevent. Born at Bologna, 7 Jan., 1502; died at Rome, 10 April, 1585. In order that only the most worthy persons might be vested with ecclesiastical dignities, he kept a list of commendable men in and out of Rome, on which he noted their virtues and faults that came to his notice. APA citation. The Council was a continuation of the Council of Ferrara, and that council in turn was a continuation of the Council of Basel, in Switzerland. Shortly after his return to Rome, the same pope created him Cardinal Priest of San Sisto in 1564, and sent him as legate to Spain to investigate the case of Archbishop Bartolomé Carranza of Toledo, who had been suspected of heresy and imprisoned by the Inquisition. Download all free or royalty-free photos and vectors. Another papal expedition which sailed to Ireland in 1579 under the command of James Fitzmaurice, accompanied by Nicholas Sanders as papal nuncio, was equally unsuccessful. Enter Pope Gregory XIII. Because of his expertise in canon law, he was sent by Pope Pius IV in 1561 to the Council of Trent (Trento, Italy), where he remained until 1563. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York. His youth was not stainless. Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 convened his astronomers and commissioned them to get a better calendar. In these schools numerous missionaries were trained for the various countries where Protestantism had been made the state religion and for the missions among the pagans in China, India, and Japan. The medal which Gregory XIII had struck in memory of the event bears his effigy on the obverse, which on the reverse under the legend Vgonotiorum Strages (overthrow of the Huguenots) stands an angel with cross and drawn sword, killing the Huguenots. In 1545 the same pope sent him to the Council of Trent as one of his jurists. Sfondrati was elected pope on 5 December 1590, after the passing of Pope Urban VII. Nihil Obstat. Shortly after the conclusion of the Council of Trent, Pius IV had appointed a committee which was to bring out a critical edition of the Decree of Gratian. Although the reform was welcomed by such astronomers as Johannes Kepler and Tycho Brahe and by the Catholic princes of Europe, many Protestants saw it as the work of the Antichrist and refused to adopt it. Neither did he neglect the other orders. The barons were in continual fear lest some of their property would be wrested from them in this way. As early as 1578 he sent Thomas Stukeley with a ship and an army of 800 men to Ireland, but the treacherous Stukeley joined his forces with those of King Sebastian of Portugal against Emperor Abdulmelek of Morocco. Ugo Boncompagni was born on Jan. 1, 1502, in Bologna. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. His son Giacomo he appointed castellan of St. Angelo and gonfalonier of the Church, but refused him every higher dignity, although Venice enrolled him among its nobili and the King of Spain appointed him general of his army. XIII (Dillingen, 1685); PALATIUS, Gesta Pontificum Romanorum (Venice, 1688), IV, 329-366; MAFFEL, Annales Gregorii XIII, 2 vols. Ex-Pope Gregory XVIII An unprecedented event shook the True Church of Christ on April 22, 2016, when Pope Gregory XVIII apostatized. He cannot be charged with nepotism. In the Briefs "Cum pro munere", dated 1 July, 1580, and "Emendationem", dated 2 June, 1582, Gregory XIII ordered that henceforth only the emended official text was to be used and that in the future no other text should be printed. He gave his name to Gregorian University and Gregorian calendar. des Kirchenstaates (Gotha, 1880), I, 300 sqq. 7. Vol. Acting on the advice of Bonfigliuoto, the secretary of the Camera, he confiscated various baronial estates and castles, because some forgotten feudal liabilities to the papal treasury had not been paid, or because their present owners were not the rightful heirs. Both editions were suppressed by Gregory XIII, and in January, 1584, appeared a third and better edition under the title of "Martyrologium Romanum Gregorii XIII jussu editum" (Rome, 1583). The reforms were based on the suggestions of the Italian scientist Luigi Lilio, with some modifications by the Jesuit mathematician and astronomer Christopher Clavius. Ecclesiastical approbation. ; MILEY, History of the Papal States. FOSTER, History of the Popes (London, 1906), I, 319-333; BROSCH, Gesch. While one of the Popes- Saint Celestine V- had renounced the Papacy in 1292, he did not renounce his faith, as Gregory XVIII, the apostate, unfortunately did. Being then unsuccessful, he sent another Jesuit, the Norwegian Lawrence Nielssen in 1576, who succeeded in converting the king on 6 May, 1578. "Pope Gregory XIII." That Gregory XIII did not approve of the massacre, but detested the cruel act and shed tears when he was apprised of it, is expressly stated even by the apostate Gregario Leti in his "Vita di Sisto V" (Cologne, 1706), I, 431-4, anad by Beautome, a contemporary of Gregory XIII, in his "Vie de M. l'Amiralde Chastillon" (Complete works, The Hague, 1740, VIII, 196). Ott, M. (1910). Emperor Maximilian II, the kings of France, Spain, Portugal, Hungary, Poland, the Italian and other princes sent their representatives to Rome to tender their obedience to the newly-elected pontiff. Pius made him cardinal in 1565 and emissary to Spain. No blame, therefore, attaches to Gregory XIII for trying to depose the queen by force of arms. The difference accumulated over the It was convoked in 1431 by Pope Martin V. Following Martin’s death, his successor Blessed Pope EugeneIV opened it and met open resistance from many of the bishops. He not only brought about an amicable settlement between the two rulers, but also obtained for the Catholics of Russia the right to practice their religion openly. The first of these institutions that enjoyed the pope's liberality was the German College at Rome, which for lack of funds was in danger of being abandoned. The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most of the world. In a brief, dated 14 January, 1584, Gregory XIII ordered that the new martyrology should supersede all others. … The following Roman colleges were founded by Gregory XIII: the Greek college on 13 Jan., 1577; the college for neophytes, i.e. Boncompagni's knowledge and expertise of canon law drew the attention of the current Pope, Pius IV, who sent him on various diplomatic missions. For the education of poor candidates for the priesthood he spent two million sendi during his pontificate, and for the good of Catholicity he sent large sums of money to Malta, Austria, England, France, Spain, and the Netherlands. Acting on the advice of Bonfigliuoto, the secretary of the Camera, he confiscated various baronial estates and castles, because some forgotten feudal liabilities to the papal treasury had not been paid, or because their present owners were not the rightful heirs. The Gregorian calendar was gradually accepted by the countries of Europe, though Russia did not accept it until 1918. Pope Gregory XVII in a series of clandestine meetings in the late 1980s told Fr. The fourth son of Cristoforo, a merchant, and of Angela Marescalchi, he studied at Bologna under celebrated jurisconsults and became a doctor of canon and civil law at 28. Later, he taught jurisprudence at the same university, and had among his pupils the famous future cardinals, Alessandro Farnese, Cristoforo Madruzzi, Otto Truchsess von Waldburg, Reginald Pole, Carlo Borromeo, and Stanislaus Hosius. The banditti who infested the Campagna were protected by the barons and the peasantry and became daily more bold. …Protestant king, and by the pope, who excommunicated him and declared him devoid of any right to inherit the crown. The emendation was to consist chiefly in the restoration of the original text of Usuard's martyrology, which was in common use at the time of Gregory XIII. The king, however, soon turned Protestant again from political motives. Thirty-four cardinals were appointed during his pontificate, and in their appointment he always had the had the welfare of the Church in view. Boncompagni continued to move up in the ranks of the c… The cardinal formed a committee, consisting of ten members, who assisted him in the work. The king, however, soon turned Protestant again from political motives. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 96 relations. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. No other act of Gregory XIII has gained for him a more lasting fame than his reform of the Julian calendar which was completed and introduced into most Catholic countries in 1578. Information about the 1958 Conclave and CARDINAL GIUSEPPE SIRI (Cardinal Joseph Siri, 1906-1989) Was he elected Pope Gregory XVII on October 26, 1958? Gregory XIII had been a member of it from the beginning. Peter Khoat Van Tran, a well-known Italian Prelate (His Excellency Archbishop Arrigo Pintonello), Monsignor Carlo Taramasso and a distinguished layman that the white smoke was not an error (mix-up), but indeed signified His election and acceptance as Roman Pontiff and that he was *under a decades-long death threat. Gregory XIII was born Ugo Boncompagni in Bologna, Italy, on January 1, 1502. They had been sent by the converted kings of Bungo, Arima, and Omura, in Japan, to thank the pope for the fatherly care he had shown their country by sending them Jesuit missionaries who had taught them the religion of Christ. Since the Julian calendar had fallen ten days behind over the centuries, Pope Gregory XIII designated that October 4, 1582 would be officially followed by October 15, 1582. Updates? Gregory's efforts to procure religious liberty for the Catholics of England were without avail. The science behind the formation of the calendar is much more complex than this, but suffice it to say it was Pope Gregory XIII (1572-1585) who, on Feb. 24, 1582, decreed in the papal bull “Inter gravissimas” that the calendar would be reformed later that year. By his Bull "Provisionis nostrae" of 29 Jan., 1579, he confirmed the acts of his predecessor Pius V, condemning the errors of Baius, and at the same time he commissioned the Jesuit, Francis of Toledo, to demand the abjuration of Baius. He was elected pope on May 14, 1572, succeeding St. Pius V. Gregory began promoting church reform and the Counter-Reformation by pledging to execute the reforming decrees of the Council of Trent. It has already been mentioned that Gregory XIII spent large sums for the erection of colleges and seminaries. This created short months with only 18 days and odd dates like February 30 during the year of the changeover. Gregory XIII, original name Ugo Boncompagni, or Buoncompagni, (born June 7, 1502, Bologna, Romagna [Italy]—died April 10, 1585, Rome, Papal States), pope from 1572 to 1585, who promulgated the Gregorian calendar and founded a system of seminaries for Roman Catholic priests. By the time he reformed the Julian calendar in 1582 (using the observations of Christopher Clavius and Johannes Kepler), it had drifted 10 days off course. Shortly after the conclusion of the Council of Trent, Pius IV had appointed a committee which was to bring out a critical edition of the Decree of Gratian. The pope indeed participated in the Roman festivities, but he was probably not acquainted with the circumstances of the Parisian horrors and, like other European rulers, had been informed that the Huguenots had been detected in a conspiracy to kill the king and the whole royal family, and had been thus punished for their treacherous designs. Greg. Another great literary achievement of Gregory XIII is an official Roman edition of the Corpus juris canonici. Another papal expedition which sailed to Ireland in 1579 under the command of James Fitzmaurice, accompanied by Nicholas Sanders as papal nuncio, was equally unsuccessful. They were headed by young men of noble families, such as Alfonso Piccolomim, Roberto Malatesta, and others. These schools trained missionaries for those countries that had established Protestant state religions. converted Jews and infidels, in 1577; the English college on 1 May, 1579; the Maronite college on 27 June, 1584. In order to safeguard the Catholic religion in Germany, he instituted a special Congregation of Cardinals for German affairs, the so-called Congregatio Germanica, which lasted from 1573-1578. The world knows of the atrocities committed by Queen Elizabeth on many Catholic missionaries and laymen. MLA citation. Omissions? In Rome he built the magnificent Gregorian chapel in the church of St. Peter, and the Quirinal palace in 1580; a capacious granary in the Thermae of Diocletian in 1575, and fountains at the Piazza Navona, the Piazza del Pantheon, and the Piazza del Popolo. Closely connected with the reform of the calendar is the emendation of the Roman martyrology which was ordered by Gregory XIII in the autumn of 1580. Gregory XIII had been a member of it from the beginning. Gregory was helpless against these lawless bands. On 12 December 1583, Pope Gregory XIII, content with Sfondrati’s work, raised him to the position of Cardinal-Priest of Santa Cecilia. Thus Gregory XIII at least partly restored the old faith in England and the northern countries of Europe, supplied the Catholics in those countries with their necessary priests, and introduced Christianity into the pagan countries of Eastern Asia. Imprimatur. In Rome he built the magnificent Gregorian chapel in the church of St. Peter, and the Quirinal palace in 1580; a capacious granary in the Thermae of Diocletian in 1575, and fountains at the Piazza Navona, the Piazza del Pantheon, and the Piazza del Popolo. Another great literary achievement of Gregory XIII is an official Roman edition of the Corpus juris canonici. Ott, Michael. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07001b.htm. June 1, 1910. Under Paul IV (1555-1559) he accompanied Cardinal Alfonso Caraffa on a papal mission to Philip II in Flanders, and upon his return was appointed Bishop of Viesti in 1558. After the death of Pius V on 1 May, 1572, Ugo Buoncompagni was elected pope on 13 May, 1572, chiefly through the influence of Cardinal Antoine Granvella , and took the name of Gregory XIII. In the Briefs "Cum pro munere", dated 1 July, 1580, and "Emendationem", dated 2 June, 1582, Gregory XIII ordered that henceforth only the emended official text was to be used and that in the future no other text should be printed. Up to this time he had not been ordained a priest. As early as 1578 he sent Thomas Stukeley with a ship and an army of 800 men to Ireland, but the treacherous Stukeley joined his forces with those of King Sebastian of Portugal against Emperor Abdulmelek of Morocco. SourcesCLAPPI, Compenitio delle attioni e santa vita di Gregorio XIII (Rome, 1591); BOMPLANI, Historia Pont. The first edition of the new martyrology, which came out in 1582, was full of typographical errors; likewise the second edition of 1583. He was given the name of Gregory XIV. Contact information. At his election to the papal throne he had already completed his seventieth year, but was still strong and full of energy. Transcription. googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1402172227320-0');}); For stemming the tide of Protestantism, which already had wrested entire nations from the bosom of the Church, Gregory XIII knew of no better means than a thorough training of the candidates for holy priesthood in Catholic philosophy and theology. GREGORY XIII, POPE Pontificate: May 14, 1572, to April 10, 1585; b. Ugo Buoncompagni, Bologna, Jan. 1, 1502. The science behind the formation of the calendar is much more complex than this, but suffice it to say it was Pope Gregory XIII (1572-1585) who, on Feb. 24, 1582, decreed in the papal bull “Inter gravissimas” that the calendar would be reformed later that year. Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more all for only $19.99... Born at Bologna, 7 Jan., 1502; died at Rome, 10 April, 1585. No blame, therefore, attaches to Gregory XIII for trying to depose the queen by force of arms. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York. He is best known for commissioning and being the namesake for the Gregorian calendar, which remains the internationally accepted civil calendar to this date. Gregory XIII was Counter-Reformation Pope, he had direct contact with many saints, including Charles Borromeo, Philip Neri, Ignatius Loyola, and indirect contact with St. Teresa of Avila and St. John of the Cross. Aided chiefly by the Neapolitan astronomer and physician Luigi Lilio Ghiraldi (d. 1576) and the German Jesuit and mathematician Christopher Clavius, Gregory corrected the errors of the Julian calendar created by Julius Caesar in 46. APA citation. In 1574 he sent the Polish Jesuit Warsiewicz to John III of Sweden in order to convert him to Catholicity. He not only brought about an amicable settlement between the two rulers, but also obtained for the Catholics of Russia the right to practice their religion openly. Moreover, the imposition of port charges at Aneona and the levy of import taxes on Venetian goods by the papal government, crippled commerce to a considerable extent. In recognition of his many improvements in Rome the senate and the people erected a statue in his honour on the Capitoline Hill, when he was still living. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). (See table below). The emendation was to consist chiefly in the restoration of the original text of Usuard's martyrology, which was in common use at the time of Gregory XIII. Gregory was helpless against these lawless bands. The world knows of the atrocities committed by Queen Elizabeth on many Catholic missionaries and laymen.
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