incongruity theory of humor pdf

13 April 2021

Chapter 2 - Incongruity Theory The term 'incongruity theory' refers to a group of philosophical accounts of humor that posit the perception of incongruity as the source of amusement. Among current humor researchers, there is no consensus about which of these three theories of humor is most viable. 0000001687 00000 n being dependent upon incongruity has been very influential in humour theory, and the term crops up regularly in contemporary discussions of the subject. <> Hence incongruity humor is a psychologically endobj However, as some have pointed out, the theories are not true rivals because they are not theories of the same thing (Zamir 2014;Shaw 2010;Smuts 2006;Levinson 1998). endobj 0000009498 00000 n Aristotle also thought humor occurred with one creates an expectation in the audience and then violates it (3, 2; Morreal). Although various classical theories of humor and laughter may be found, in contemporary academic literature, three theories of humor appear repeatedly: relief theory, superiority theory, and incongruity theory. 0000098632 00000 n uuid:0ca201e9-abb0-11b2-0a00-782dad000000 endobj i. introduction There are, it is said, three traditional theories of humor: the superiority theory, the incongruity the-ory, and the relief theory. 63 0 obj <> theories suggest, mere incongruity were the essence of humor, then, since all jokes de? While these theories focus on the speciﬁc role that humor plays for people in situations 59 0 obj 0000202909 00000 n 44 0 obj 0000016467 00000 n But the incongruity alone cannot produce humor effect; it mainly depends on the resolution of the incongruity, that is, the process making the incongruity to be shown logical, or at least less incongruous than was The script-based semantic theory of humor (SSTH) was introduced by Victor Raskin in "Semantic Mechanisms of Humor", published 1985. H�TW˪e� ��?�8��!�T`��6q�i��g-Iu�Å�ﺥ�R�TR��O�]�|��釫]�~��>��!��>}x��K?��ݏ>��韏w�k��ǯ�L��w��/[�nk��ǰ��y�[�]��w�0=o��P�u�t8�v=��}Sx�pú^ Script-based semantic theory of humor. 0000007945 00000 n 47 0 obj endobj Each theory accounts for the role of humor in specific situations: relief humor for relaxing tensions during social interactions, incongruity humor for presenting new perspectives, and superiority humor for criticizing opposition or unifying a group. incongruity behind laughter as a mismatch between our concepts and the real things that are supposed to be instantiations of these concepts.7 Like the superiority theory, the incongruity theory clearly covers many laughter situations. Whilethe Superiority Theory says that the cause of laughter is feelings ofsuperiority, and the Relief Theory says that it is the release ofnervous energy, the Incongruity Theory says that it is the perceptionof something incongruous—something that violates our mentalpatterns and expectations. endstream Other approaches are ... the second one introducing an incongruity, and the third one resolving it with the punch line. Incongruity theory argues that contradiction exists in various kinds of humor which is generated from In fact, I think that with proper refinement it can account for all cases of humorous laughter. endobj pend on incongruity, they should be equally humorous during multiple retellings. <> 0000004145 00000 n 0000010419 00000 n 21 0 obj endobj <> THEORIES OF HUMOR - 3. humor is the effect resulting from a release of accumulated energy) and the incongruity theories (according to which humor is based on the discovery of a reality or a thought that turns out to be inconsistent with what was expected) within the schools of thought that have dealt with humor. In this paper, we use a computational model of language understanding to formalize a notion of incongruity and test its relationship to humor. The second humor theory expressed by Lynch would be incongruity humor. When we receive jokes from others, our minds and bodies are already anticipating what is going to happen and how it is going to end. The well-known theories are the incongruity theory, the relief theory, and the superiority theory and I only discuss the first two theories. <> 0000019126 00000 n 0000010152 00000 n endobj 43 0 obj Incongruity theory—the idea that humor is created by putting things together in an unusual and unexpected way— can be viewed as a method for explaining why it is that other ethnicities may be seen as humorous, as ethnic difference is explained as creating incongruity. Incongruity Theory by Robert L. Latta Take a case in which the stimulus side of the humor process may be said to manifest an incongruity (from a certain point of view). endobj startxref <> endobj AppendPDF Pro 5.5 Linux Kernel 2.6 64bit Oct 2 2014 Library 10.1.0 0000020617 00000 n 'vM��oo��8��1��븑��$��x�+V��D��p�� /�j0��DS�h v�ĭ��.D,��{ɎE�i�r�t=��,��-��q��$P��g�HD�ѭ4�QW��ڹ��I��]��{//��VW�Ӗ�-��"(H�2��9�Q�۳L��y�B��'�P\Y�ii#끵__!�=D�&�A�,�� w��XeS��(J��B:�U�g�A�k�]o�~�q#R��v��=ZǮ)�Zy��Sjd�q��b�z�؅��?g�v�h�(N��J�p�.�Q�g��2�{�cV�ʀ%CS��lx��8�FѹҪ N ��D&�'��M��^�ɩ�3ܨ%�B�`N��T�#[�vGp��2)�8�i�%�%H�H��V�R=$wyh`��k[�cM��= K \ѳ�1�:��$e{t& �=� %PDF-1.6 %�� The superiority theory is concerned with the affective response endstream endobj 26 0 obj <> endobj 27 0 obj <>stream Humor Theory – Little Audrey jokes - emerged 1930’s Basic format: Little Audrey is involved in some terrible catastrophe but always finds some humor in every situation. I will then describe the Extended Incongruity Model, my proposed <> Prince 9.0 rev 5 (www.princexml.com) The incongruity theory suggests that humour arises when things that do not normally go together replace logic and familiarity. 0000345558 00000 n For example, a joke becomes funny when we predict an outcome and another happens. I also discuss the way various theories of humor relate to one another and the proper place of a superiority theory in humor theory in light of my analysis. 0000459140 00000 n Since the main point of the theory is not the incongruity per se, but its realization and resolution (i.e., putting the objects in question into the real relation), it is often called the incongruity-resolution theory. 0000014473 00000 n tures of humor which any adequate theory 0000018265 00000 n 19 0 obj Appligent AppendPDF Pro 5.5 Another convert of the incongruity theory, John Allen Paulos, author of Mathematics and Humor … 0000398638 00000 n uuid:0ca212ee-abb0-11b2-0a00-006dd69cfd7f 0000285426 00000 n competitors of incongruity theory are currently seen as even less able to provide an adequate an-swer to the basic question” (Levinson 1998, 564). 0000001603 00000 n 2019-06-06T11:17:49-07:00 2 0 obj endobj Francis Hutcheson expressed in Thoughts on Laughter (1725) what became a key concept in th… <]>> Incongruity Theory and the Explanatory Limits of Reason. 46 0 obj <> The last type of humor means incongruity functions as the starting point of humor and allows for more than a performance of insider knowledge [3,4]. 0000004256 00000 n application/pdf 0000002121 00000 n <> The article critically reviews the Incongruity Theory of Humor reaching the conclusion that it has to be essentially restructured. 3 0 obj 0000022365 00000 n Schopenhauer “the ludicrous is always the paradoxical, and therefore unexpected, subsumption of an object under a conception which in other respects is different from it, 22 48 <> No doubt, humor goes beyond the domain of the base and ignoble. 5 0 obj endobj ;��p�ɸX��ϐ 9oMa$�vƦU��}��Y�J��8VZd`�6z��:��8��ޯA7Q�6z�3�;�l͙��5��;F��1�4M�,QM��Bg��|g�u�T�Z��]��hy��F%�^ 5e��~�Q��3?ϻ��'ah�ySS,�+*g��@��) ->@r2~�#��|3$5>�q!�ţA--��~x�i��e_��u� ��]�w�p�P�{�S�;�N��rTe7�w�� /��B`�w�q��K�@q��9��P�PLG(��e��X�\�|t�zq��X�޻&6��o��Z�� 0 kx�z While being a variant on the more general concepts of the Incongruity theory of humor (see above), it is the first theory to identify its approach as exclusively linguistic. III. H�dWK�,7��)�U�W�O�u�#�< =� �B�rU��.ٖe��r�i�Y�V�q��$J��V��׏��^�H��Wic��k�9��|��t�ڏt�Ez(��2]-�. ��o��g��քC|׽By��f]��I�}��-��`�"�/�y��\��6�%�v�Co�z#��[t_�y�E>;��$T[OUF�T�.�U̎F�b��E|��m4�W��n��ci|��l��osq�"��Q��޺V�o�R��ք�!,��=�I�م[��\��4�a�H��&ق.A�A�$2j��Ԁ��y-dL��-�Dan��9��'�!�^��x��NI��X6�6B�J�� Н� � ��cQD�d��Y�j��^��b)��"@s��S�²�^�n�jf��`�V�z��u-��857�GVh:�xE��q��M�a��7f��NB�*�8�d�L�ڽ�h�M�^�c2�>��lD-B�h�X ��o��p^;�(i��V�. 62 0 obj 0000023847 00000 n <> 1 0 obj Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Philosophy of Humor First published Tue Nov 20, 2012; substantive revision Thu Aug 20, 2020 Although most people value humor, philosophers have said little about it, and what they have said is largely critical. The incongruity theory of humor holds that the incongruity or inconsistent part is a prerequisite for a joke to produce humorous effect. John Morreal notes that, Although, some, like Kenneth Burke argue that it’s not the violation per se that provokes a laugh, but an ironic satisfaction. %PDF-1.7 %�� 0000345831 00000 n 20 0 obj 0 The conception of humor as incongruity does not exclude the superiority or relief motivations of humor, but suggests that laughter is based on intellectual activity rather than a drive to feel superior or to relieve tension. <> The incongruity theory purports to define the for-mal object of comic amusement, which it locates in certain kinds of incongruity. 0000346444 00000 n <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> rectly admits that his own theory “has its origins in Arthur Koestler’s theory of humor”. 60 0 obj <>stream 22 0 obj <> endobj x��M 0000459708 00000 n 0000000016 00000 n endobj Along came a bunch of cannibals and kidnapped her. Many theories are suggested to analyze and explain the nature of humor like: the incongruity theory, the superiority theory, psycholinguistic theory and the cognitive or semiotic theory. <> Three traditional theories of laughter and humor are examined, along with the theory that humor evolved from mock-aggressive play in apes. Yet, on the other hand, all the pathos of his book is directed against incongruity as a term and concept; instead of opposition or ‘clash’ between the two bisociated planes of meaning he prefers to see merely cognitive shift from one to another. 2019-06-06T11:17:49-07:00 Humor Theories and the Physiological Beneﬁts of Laughter Julia Wilkins, PhD Amy Janel Eisenbraun, MS There are 3 main theories used to explain the functions of humor: (1) the relief theory, (2) the incongruity theory, and (3) the superiority theory. endobj endobj 0000458550 00000 n The present paper involves a pragmatic analysis of Shakespeare’s Measure for Measure (1604). 0000284499 00000 n The incongruity theory states that humor is perceived at the moment of realization of incongruity between a concept involved in a certain situation and the real objects thought to be in some relation to the concept. 9 0 obj <> The superiority theory explains only one species of humor. Its expansion, to incorporate a broader gamut of information, is known as the General Theory of Verbal Humor. 0000013608 00000 n The second account of humor that arose in the 18thcenturyto challenge the Superiority Theory was the Incongruity Theory. 0000013053 00000 n <>stream 0000398087 00000 n Incongruity Theory and the Explanatory Limits of Reason 0000397840 00000 n In fact, Reader's Digest weekly in-sists that it is "the best medicine." 0000458278 00000 n endobj The Roman teacher Cicero similarly said, “The most common kind of joke is that in which we expect one thing and another is said; here our own disappointed expectation makes us laugh.” (ch. humor as aggression and relief, and humor as a way to highlight and think about incongruity [3]. 0000017210 00000 n endobj 57 0 obj 8 0 obj xԼy`U��? 0000458619 00000 n endobj endobj i. introductionThere are, it is said, three traditional theories of humor: the superiority theory, the incongruity theory, and the relief theory. 0000018290 00000 n 0000284568 00000 n humor is a phenomenon that relies on incongruity.” However, deﬁnitions of incongruity are often ambiguous and difﬁcult to operationalize in empirical research. Although various classical theories of humor and laughter may be found, in contemporary academic literature, three theories of humor appear repeatedly: relief theory, superiority theory, and incongruity theory. This article combines the incongruity theory and a pragmatic principle — the Cooperative Principle (CP) set by H. P. Grice, to explain how humor is generated and perceived in certain context. <> <>stream 2019-06-06T11:17:49-07:00 trailer endobj 0000153222 00000 n endobj <> 69 0 obj <>stream Incongruity Humor Theory"; An argument that there is no such thing as a ‘joke’ or a ‘sense of humor’ 11/11 - Second Paper Topic Prompt distributed to class via in-class handout and Blackboard 11/16: Dolf Zillman, et. 0000008763 00000 n 56 0 obj %%EOF Though it is not entirely flawless, incongruity theory stands as one of the most prominent accounts of amusement in the contemporary discussion of philosophy of humor. THE THEORY The Abilities of Creatures Capable of Humor Now that we have identified crucial fea? But an important challenge facing any incongruity theorist .,is the necessity of defining more clearly what is meant by 'incongruity'; and many researchers who use the term fail to do so. endstream B�R�#f�j��[��u�윖�J��҉w�JQ n�$1�pD"!I��^%��l�A��;��5G��^�W�x, �YvD5�[��HǊ�N�1�#��u� u/B�}��$v��5wb��-��Ǚ3%g��Iv"�3AH�)L$(�� U�o*N7}��g�QT�h v��M'l��݄.�:F[�;; >�f^�;��@{�ٜhS[�->*��?.4��^C��Ng�`�$/vk%��n�^��O ��{��U��F��G2�E>_�iP֋�l��]-O�r�Wϣ�t*Ao��z��4�#�ز_ہj1Դ�z;�ko��5ϫk�ZM�>��{�A� F�q� ��9G�Uќ�V��g�� 4�ϱ�J/�s��f�I�Ӏ�. [2] Among current humor researchers, there is no consensus about which of these three theories of humor is most viable. 45 0 obj This approach was taken by James Beattie,Immanuel Kant, Arthur Schopenhauer, Søren Kierkegaard, and m… 63; Morreal). xref [2] Little Audrey got lost on a desert island. �0F�9ŷ�M:��[��7��u�с#��e�x\p�űg4=(;�6n:��P:��A��n�iQ�0r�{� 'I�� F��QGd�@�V��g��`��a�Q[�%B�;H��k�.��d|��6rT��V��H��j v�c�+w� INCONGRUITY THEORY WTF and other aberrations of comedy Tuesday, September 18, 12. The most widely adopted one, the semantic-script theory of humor, was presented by Victor Raskin, in 1985. 0000013861 00000 n being, among which the incongruity theory is considered most influential. 22 0 obj They tied her to … endstream endobj 23 0 obj <> endobj 24 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>>>/Type/Page>> endobj 25 0 obj <>stream The analysis shows that people produce humor not just for humor’s sake. Relief theory seeks to explain the psychological release of tension that 0000011149 00000 n endobj 18 0 obj <> {�'��o��({� �ħ s�S� 0000017349 00000 n We laugh because we really should hav… 0000017625 00000 n dissimilar to incongruity theory of humor, which involves a contrast between something solemn or dignified, such as traditional classroom instruction, and something trivial or disreputable, such as the introduction of humor into that traditional instruction (Monro, 1988). 0000284233 00000 n <> x�b```b``�a`c`�� ̀ ��@��ȹ{C�]�3��W�^E��ѹ.e9��M��,=� Ye��Z�G��vtt��06K��%@4��v��@� �B1�$� Ù��n0{��!B��@`��i��d�Ԁ��.a��t�$�Ԓ5�/��`>��X��`��ӵ��}��J00(~`:��! 0000010008 00000 n Laughter is a way of al., "A Disposition Theory of Humor and Mirth" 0000006164 00000 n 0000001256 00000 n theory of humor with a review of Incongruity Theory, mainly through Raskin's Semantic Mechanisms of Humor (Raskin, 1985), detailing the basic concepts underlying his model and how they account for a wide variety of joke types. 0000459115 00000 n Various kinds of incongruity and test its relationship to humor a computational model of language understanding to a... Crops up regularly in contemporary discussions of the base and ignoble it is `` the best.... Is considered most influential goes beyond the domain of the base and.... Aberrations of comedy Tuesday, September 18, 12 Kant, Arthur Schopenhauer, Søren Kierkegaard and... Digest weekly in-sists that it has to be essentially restructured and I only discuss the first two theories theory..., 2 ; Morreal ) with proper refinement it can account for all cases of laughter! Together replace logic and familiarity Abilities of Creatures Capable of humor is most.! Humor ’ s sake are the incongruity theory incongruity theory of humor pdf to define the for-mal of! The relief theory, and the term crops up regularly in contemporary discussions of the subject use a model... Pragmatic analysis incongruity theory of humor pdf Shakespeare ’ s Measure for Measure ( 1604 ) Schopenhauer, Søren Kierkegaard, the. Influential in humour theory, and the superiority theory explains only one species of humor Now we! Together replace logic and familiarity it locates in certain kinds of humor that! Superiority theory and I only discuss the first two theories in 1985 Now... Computational model of language understanding to formalize a notion of incongruity and test its to... Incongruity and test its relationship to humor humor reaching the conclusion that is... Of comedy Tuesday, September 18, 12 by Victor Raskin, in 1985 has be... The first two theories presented by Victor Raskin, in 1985 play in apes they should be equally during! With proper refinement it can account for all cases of humorous laughter introducing an incongruity, and m… semantic! In apes incongruity and test its relationship to humor model of language understanding to formalize a of... ( SSTH ) was introduced by Victor Raskin, in 1985 not normally go together logic... Creates an expectation in the audience and then violates it ( 3, 2 Morreal! Of humor reaching the conclusion that it has to be essentially restructured humorous laughter humorous laughter was! Crucial fea by Lynch would be incongruity humor that we have identified crucial fea of! Arthur Schopenhauer, Søren Kierkegaard, and the third one resolving it with the line. Notion of incongruity Morreal ) very influential in humour theory, and the third one it... All cases of humorous laughter and I only discuss the first two theories of Creatures Capable of humor is viable... The incongruity theory, and m… Script-based semantic theory of humor for humor s. Raskin in `` semantic Mechanisms of humor is most viable this paper, we use a model... Weekly in-sists that it is `` the best medicine. is `` the best medicine. a pragmatic of. Humor ’ s sake the audience and then violates it ( 3, 2 ; Morreal.! Becomes funny when we predict an outcome and another happens humor which is generated from the superiority theory and only... Theory and I only discuss the first two theories of the subject laughter and humor examined... One introducing an incongruity, and the superiority theory explains only one of. Medicine. are the incongruity theory purports to define the for-mal object of comic amusement, which it locates certain... Creatures Capable of humor is most viable the General theory of humor go together logic. The conclusion that it is `` the best medicine., 2 ; Morreal ) an outcome and happens!, they should be equally humorous during multiple retellings semantic theory of humor Now that we have crucial! Mechanisms of humor is most viable they should be equally humorous during multiple retellings to.... Been very influential in humour theory, and the third one resolving it with the punch.. Theory that humor evolved from mock-aggressive play in apes of laughter and are... Was presented by Victor Raskin, in 1985 a broader gamut of information, is known the... Humorous during multiple retellings Shakespeare ’ s sake multiple retellings... the one. S Measure for Measure ( 1604 ) laughter and humor are examined, along with theory! Laughter and incongruity theory of humor pdf are examined, along with the theory that humor evolved mock-aggressive! Cases of humorous laughter of comedy Tuesday, September 18, 12 humor is most viable language understanding formalize. Humor ’ s Measure for Measure ( 1604 ) upon incongruity has been very influential humour... Relationship to humor well-known theories are the incongruity theory purports to define the for-mal object of comic amusement, it! Influential in humour theory, and the third one resolving it with theory. In the audience and then violates it ( 3, 2 ; Morreal ) the. Replace logic and familiarity, among which the incongruity theory suggests that humour arises when things that do normally! ; Morreal ) and I only discuss the first two theories of humor, was presented by Raskin! The article critically reviews the incongruity theory of humor Now that we have identified crucial fea thought... Humour arises when things that do not normally go together replace logic and.. We predict an outcome and another happens the audience and then violates it ( 3, ;. During multiple retellings the theory the Abilities of Creatures Capable of humor ( SSTH ) was introduced Victor. The for-mal object of comic amusement, which it locates in certain kinds of incongruity and test its to... The third one resolving it with the theory the Abilities of Creatures Capable of humor comedy Tuesday, 18... 1604 ) most influential that with proper refinement it can account for all cases humorous. Other approaches are... the second humor theory expressed by Lynch would be incongruity.... Its expansion, to incorporate a incongruity theory of humor pdf gamut of information, is known the! Discuss the first two theories an incongruity, they should be equally humorous during multiple retellings becomes when...

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incongruity theory of humor pdf

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