clive of india

Clive of India has been distinctly wobbly on his perch in the Square in Shrewsbury amid calls to pull the statue down. His territories were "said to yield an annual revenue of over 350,000 rupees".[36]. [59][60] These revelations and the subsequent debates in parliament reduced Clive's political popularity considerably. Through the 17th and early 18th centuries, the French, Dutch, Portuguese, and British had vied for control of various trading posts, and for trading rights and favour with local Indian rulers. Madras was returned to the British as part of the peace agreement in early 1749. Its moat was shallow or dry, and some of its towers were insufficiently strong to use as artillery mounts. For many years he had been working to negotiate the release of Chanda Sahib, a longtime French ally who had at one time occupied the throne of Tanjore, and sought for himself the throne of the Carnatic. The siege finally reached critical when Raza Sahib launched an all-out assault against the fort on 14 November. He was also known as "Clive of India" - where he established the East India Company's (EIC) military and commercial power in South India and Bengal. Approximately a month later, on 3 February 1757, Clive encountered the army of the Nawab itself. Book Number: 5969 Book Title: Clive of India Book Author: Minney, R. J. In 1768, he lived for a time at the Chateau de Larzac in Pézenas in the Hérault département of the Languedoc-Roussillon region in southern France. Clive was born in Shropshire to an old and prominent family. Clive’s reputation as a military commander was made by his leadership during the siege of Arcot (1751) and at the battle of Plassey (1757), where his army defeated French forces and those of the Mughal emperor’s viceroy. When Robert Clive, who established British rule in India, died by his own hand in 1774, he was widely reviled as one of the most hated men in England. Clive’s initial stay in India lasted from 1744 to 1753. ROBERT Clive, known by his admirers as “Clive of India”, was responsible for the mass invasion and brutalisation of millions across Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and the rest of the Indian sub-continent. Clive restrained Major Kilpatrick, for he trusted to Mir Jafar's abstinence, if not desertion to his ranks, and knew the importance of sparing his own small force. Clive's military reforms were more effective. Paperback. He was born at Styche House, near Market Drayton, and lies buried in St Margaret’s Church at Moreton Say, north-west of the town. An office of "Deputy Nawab" was created, who was at the helms of all the affairs vis a vis revenue of two of the richest province of India besides being company's representative while the Nizamat(Law and order) remained in the hands of Nawab who appointed his own representative to deal with the company. Market Drayton, Salop; subsequently of Walcot Park, Salop; Claremont, Surr. Looting was widespread as the East India Company brought more parts of the country under British control and while millions died in the Bengal Famine of 1770, Clive returned to Britain a … [22], The relationship between the Europeans in India was influenced by a series of wars and treaties in Europe, and by competing commercial rivalry for trade on the subcontinent. Umichand threatened to betray Clive unless he was guaranteed, in the agreement itself, £300,000 (£90 million in 2009). The Wealth of Nations, Book 4, Chap. ), Charlotte Clive (b. The British forces attacked the Nawab's camp during the early morning hours of 5 February 1757. Through the East India Company, Clive became the effective ruler of Bengal, and the title of its governor was conferred on him in 1765. [11], On 21 June 1757, Clive arrived on the bank opposite Plassey, in the midst of the first outburst of monsoon rain. The company itself acquired revenue of £100,000 (£30 million in 2009) a year, and a contribution towards its losses and military expenditure of £1,500,000 sterling (£450 million sterling in 2009). Clive of India was criticized because of the forced cultivation of crops in India. There he attended the Market Drayton Grammar School, where his unruly behaviour (and an improvement in the family's fortunes) prompted his father to send him to Merchant Taylors' School in London. [68], British military officer and East India Company official, "Clive of India" redirects here. [11], On the same date Clive obtained not only an imperial charter for the company's possessions in the Carnatic, completing the work he began at Arcot, but a third firman for the highest of all the lieutenancies of the empire, that of the Deccan itself. Plaque erected in 1953 Even before news of the peace arrived in India, the British had sent an expedition to Tanjore on behalf of a claimant to its throne. Except for the 40 Frenchmen and the guns they worked, the Indian side could do little to reply to the British cannonade (after a spell of rain), which, with the 39th Regiment, scattered the host, inflicting on it a loss of 500 men. Clive served as the first Governor of Bengal Presidency under the East India Company in the 18th century, earning the title ‘Clive of India’. Opium was one of the forced crops to be cultivated by the Indian people. Previous page. This expedition, on which Clive, now promoted to lieutenant, served as a volunteer, was a disastrous failure. Chanda Sahib's forces advanced to meet them, but retreated after a brief long-range cannonade. In the folklore of the British Empire, this was seen as avenging the ‘black hole of Calcutta’ – an episode the previous year in which 123 British prisoners had suffocated. Colin Clive, who appears in the film, was a descendant of Clive. For this Clive himself must bear much responsibility, as he had set a very poor example during his tenure as Governor. In 1760, after four years of hard labour, his health gave way and he returned to England. Students at Haberdashers' Adams in Newport raised concerns over Clive House Hostilities in India began with a British naval attack on a French fleet in 1745, which led the French Governor-General Dupleix to request additional forces. Robert Clive was not in southern India for many of these events. [11], Clive had now an opportunity of repeating in Hindustan, or Upper India, what he had accomplished in Bengal. Back in England, he used his treasure from India to secure an Irish barony from the then Whig PM, Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, and a seat for himself in Parliament, via Henry Herbert, 1st Earl of Powis, representing the Whigs in Shrewsbury, Shropshire (1761–1774), as he had previously in Mitchell, Cornwall (1754–1755).[8][9]. 45. The reader is transported to the far-flung reaches within India where Clive carved out a name for himself against the French and Indian rulers as a man of ambition and ruthless military cunning. He was appointed to serve as a clerk for the East India Company Madras, arriving there in 1744. 8 offers from £2.19. Nothing remains to him but the name and shadow of authority. Another, turned into verse by Sir Alfred Lyall, pictures his resolution as the result of a dream. At this point a mutiny in the Bengal army occurred, which was a grim precursor of the Indian rebellion of 1857, but on this occasion it was quickly suppressed by blowing the sepoy ringleader from a gun. A modern diagnosis suggests a bipolar disorder, accompanied by severe stomach cramps, a condition for which there would have been little sympathy or remedy back in the 18 th century. Thus Clive avenged the massacre of Amboyna – the occasion when he wrote his famous letter; "Dear Forde, fight them immediately; I will send you the order of council to-morrow". His Indian jagir and its income, remitted back to England, were to prove a guarantee of both Clive’s wealth and his security from reprisals by his critics. That night Clive led most of his force out of the fort and launched a surprise attack on the besiegers. For reasons that are unknown, Clive was sent to live with his mother's sister in Manchester while still a toddler. A statue of him was erected by in 1916. Clive continued to be involved in ongoing Parliamentary discussions on company reforms. Moreover, he also applied the high taxation. [11], While busy with the civil administration, Clive continued to follow up his military success. [48], By Christmas 1756, as no response had been received to diplomatic letters to the Nawab, Admiral Charles Watson and Clive were dispatched to attack the Nawab's army and remove him from Calcutta by force. The Nawab had drawn up 18,000 horse, 50,000-foot and 53 pieces of heavy ordnance, served by French artillerymen. Clive entered Murshidabad and established Mir Jafar as Nawab, the price which had been agreed beforehand for his treachery. In 1748 at Fort St. David, India, Robert Clive (Ronald Colman), a disenchanted East India Company clerk, joins the British army to help combat the French. The daring move by Clive had an important consequence: the Tanjoreans abandoned the fort, which the British triumphantly occupied. When war again broke out in 1756, during Clive's absence in Bengal, the French obtained successes in the northern districts, and it was Mohammed Ali Khan Wallajah's efforts which drove them from their settlements. Robert Clive, in full Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive of Plassey, (born September 29, 1725, Styche, Shropshire, England—died November 22, 1774, London), soldier and first British administrator of Bengal, who was one of the creators of British power in India.In his first governorship (1755–60) he won the Battle of Plassey and became master of Bengal. [citation needed]. [11], In this extraction of wealth Clive followed a usage fully recognized by the company, although this was the source of future corruption which Clive was later sent to India again to correct. The hearings highlighted the need for reform of the company, and a vote to censure Clive for his actions failed. Prone to depression and to physical illnesses, it is likely that he took his own life – possibly with an overdose of opium, on which he had become increasingly reliant. Prince Ali Gauhar successfully advanced as far as Patna, which he later besieged with a combined army of over 40,000 in order to capture or kill Ramnarian, a sworn enemy of the Mughals. [45], Following this action Clive headed to his post at Fort St. David and it was there he received news of twin disasters for the British. The historian Thomas Babington Macaulay was more positive in 1840, but still said he had ‘a bad liver and a worse heart’. Clive of India is a 1935 American historical biographical film starring Ronald Colman about the life of Robert Clive.It was based on R. J. Minney's play of the same name, and was co-written by Minney and W. P. Lipscomb and directed by Richard Boleslawski. “The Clive Museum” at a National Trust-operated castle in Wales contains rooms that are filled with Indian treasures Clive personally looted while working for the East India Company (EIC) and as the first British Governor of the Bengal Presidency. Major-General Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, KB MP FRS (25 September 1725 – 22 November 1774), also known as Clive of India, was a British officer who established the military and political supremacy of the East India Company in Bengal.He is credited with securing India, and the wealth that followed, for the British crown. Some miles farther down is the field of Plassey, then an extensive grove of mango trees. Clive is now established as a male first name in English-speaking countries. Clive commanded the land forced sent against Suraj Dowlah, and on 23 June 1757 defeated his army at the battle of Plassey, deposing him, and gaining control of Bengal for the East India Company, who appointed him governor of Bengal (1757-1760). Clive was born on the Styche Hall estate, near Market Drayton, in 1725 and went to school in London before travelling to India with the East India Company in 1743. A modern diagnosis suggests a bipolar disorder, accompanied by severe stomach cramps, a condition for which there would have been little sympathy or remedy back in the 18 th century. [39][40] They then returned to England. It may not display all the features of this and other websites. lived here. Clive of India . [23], In 1720 France effectively nationalized the French East India Company, and began using it to expand its imperial interests. The British engaged and defeated the ships the Dutch used to deliver the troops in a separate naval battle on 24 November. Robert Clive, was an unstable sociopath who led the fearsome East India Company to its conquest of the subcontinent. Robert Clive (1725–74) was employed by the East India Company between 1744 and 1767. The overwhelming strength of the joint British and Maratha forces ensured that the battle was won with few losses. Hired by the EIC to return a second time to India, Clive conspired to secure the company's trade interests by overthrowing the ruler of Bengal, the richest state in India. [41] He and his colleague, John Stephenson were later unseated by petition of their defeated opponents, Richard Hussey and Simon Luttrell.[42]. It was based on R. J. Minney's play of the same name, and was co-written by Minney and W. P. Lipscomb and directed by Richard Boleslawski. In 1772 Parliament opened an inquiry into the company's practices in India. Clive had already made a secret agreement with aristocrats in Bengal, including Jagat Seth and Mir Jafar. He dispatched Colonel Forde to Vizagapatam and the northern districts of Madras, where Forde won the Battle of Condore (1758), pronounced by Broome "one of the most brilliant actions on military record". During the assault, around one tenth of the British attackers became casualties. This name, however, this shadow, it is indispensably necessary we should seem to venerate. By noon, Clive's force broke through the besieging camp and arrived safely at Fort William. Nevertheless, the Court of Proprietors, forced the Directors to hurry Lord Clive to Bengal with the double powers of Governor and Commander-in-Chief. Clive of India is a film directed by Richard Boleslawski with Ronald Colman, Loretta Young, Colin Clive, Francis Lister, C. Aubrey Smith .... Year: 1935. Lawrence gave Clive command of 30 British soldiers and 700 sepoys, with orders to lead the assault on the fort. See more ideas about clive, india, castles in wales. [30] During the 1748 Siege of Pondicherry Clive distinguished himself in successfully defending a trench against a French sortie: one witness of the action wrote Clive's "platoon, animated by his exhortation, fired again with new courage and great vivacity upon the enemy. The dominant rulers on the Coromandel Coast were the Nizam of Hyderabad, Asaf Jah I, and the Nawab of the Carnatic, Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan. Mir Jafar was compelled to engage in extortion on a vast scale in order to replenish his treasury, which had been emptied by the company's demand for an indemnity of 2.8 crores of rupees (£3 million). Finally Clive's long-suffering father could stand no more, and the young man was packed off to India aged 17 (or 18, depending on your source!) [4][5] He began as a writer (the term used then in India for an office clerk) for the East India Company (EIC) who established the military and political supremacy of the EIC by securing a decisive victory in Bengal and looting its treasury of an estimated £2.325 billion in modern terms. Military power was rapidly becoming as important as commercial acumen in securing India's valuable trade, and increasingly it was used to appropriate territory and to collect land revenue. He re-fortified Calcutta. After running aground on the coast of Brazil, his ship was detained for nine months while repairs were completed. While Clive was preoccupied with fighting the French, the Dutch directors of the outpost at Chinsurah, not far from Chandernagore, seeing an opportunity to expand their influence, agreed to send additional troops to Chinsurah. Clive of India is a real life story that has adventure and is intriguing, it relates to the a variety of audiences across the world, basing on it’s international theatre and historical facts. Immediately thereafter Parliament began debating the Regulating Act of 1773, which significantly reformed the East India Company's practices. In the summer of 1751, Chanda Sahib left Arcot to besiege Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah at Trichinopoly. Clive of India. (Source- Wikimedia Commons) It was only in 1907 when the English merchant and politician Sir William Forwood happened to notice the unmarked burial place of Clive that he started a campaign that would eventually lead to monuments and memorials being erected in his honour. An incredibly rare darbār or Durbar set owned by Clive of India is at risk of being lost abroad unless a UK buyer can be found. He died the following year at his home in Berkeley Square. [66] Despite more than 20,000 signatures supporting such a move, on 16 July 2020 Shropshire Council voted 28–17 to retain the statue. Robert Clive married Margaret Maskelyne (d. 28 December 1817[37]) on 18 February 1753,[37] sister of the Rev. Clive selected some able subordinates, notably a young Warren Hastings, who, a year after Plassey, was made Resident at the Nawab's court. 5, Par. Original title: Clive of India. The policies of the East India Company under him – in particular a punitive land tax – were also held responsible for exacerbating a disastrous famine, which killed ten million people, or about a third of Bengal’s population. View production, box office, & company info This Week's Top Trailers: 'Godzilla vs. Kong' and More. The Nawab of Bengal's artillery on its movable platform, 1757. Clive, who accompanied the force as commissary, was outraged at the decision to abandon the siege. Barbara McLean (November 16, 1903 – March 28, 1996) was an American film editor with 62 film credits. Mir Jafar also implored the aid of Robert Clive, but it was Major John Caillaud, who defeated and dispersed Prince Ali Gauhar's army.[11]. Follow BBC … as a clerk in the East India Company in Madras. It is nevertheless cited as an example of Clive's unscrupulousness. [7] Blocking impending French mastery of India, and eventual British expulsion from the continent, Clive improvised a military expedition that ultimately enabled the EIC to adopt the French strategy of indirect rule via puppet government. But as India came under the direct sway of the British crown, the patriotic myth of Clive began to take shape. Prince Ali Gauhar escaped from Delhi after his father, the Mughal Emperor Alamgir II, had been murdered by the usurping Vizier Imad-ul-Mulk and his Maratha associate Sadashivrao Bhau.[50]. Lipscomb (television screenplay) | 1 more credit » Stars: Colin Keith-Johnston, Gillian Lind. at 45 Berkeley Square, Mayfair, London, W1J 5AS, City of Westminster, Armed Forces, Politics and Administration, CLIVE of INDIA After running aground on the coast of Brazil, his ship was detained for nine months while repairs were completed. Historians have criticised Clive's management of Bengal during his tenure with the EIC and his responsibility in contributing to the Bengal Famine of 1770. Lipscomb (play), W.P. [53], Clive set himself to reform the home system of the East India Company, and began a bitter dispute with the chairman of the Court of Directors, Laurence Sulivan, whom he defeated in the end. He was very generous, we are told, in handouts to friends, family and political allies. However that may be, he did well as a soldier to trust to the dash and even rashness that had gained Arcot and triumphed at Calcutta since retreat, or even delay, might have resulted in defeat.[11]. "[11], Having thus founded the Empire of British India, Clive sought to put in place a strong administration. The policies of the East India Company under him – in particular a punitive land tax – were also held responsible for exacerbating a disastrous famine, which killed ten million people, or about a third of Bengal’s population. Chanda Sahib had been imprisoned by the Marathas in 1740; by 1748 he had been released from custody and was building an army at Satara. Clive took £160,000 (£48 million in 2009), a vast fortune for the day, while £500,000 (£150 million in 2009) was distributed among the army and navy of the East India Company, and provided gifts of £24,000 (£7.2 million in 2009) to each member of the company's committee, as well as the public compensation stipulated for in the treaty. The death of Asaf Jah I, the Nizam of Hyderabad, in 1748 sparked a struggle to succeed him that is known as the Second Carnatic War, which was also furthered by the expansionist interests of French Governor-General Dupleix. The British, under Colonel Francis Forde, defeated the Dutch in the Battle of Chinsurah, forcing them to withdraw. During these, in 1773, General John Burgoyne, one of Clive's most vocal enemies, pressed the case that some of Clive's gains were made at the expense of the company and the government. Mir Jafar was appointed Nawab, although he was little more than a puppet ruler. This document effectively made it the ruler of the region and served as the basis for British power in India. It was originally agreed that the town would be restored to the British after negotiation but this was opposed by Dupleix, who sought to annex Madras to French holdings. Although a controversial figure, Major-General Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, known as ‘Clive of India’ was the first British Governor of the Bengal Presidency and is credited – along with Warren Hastings – with laying the foundations of the British Empire in India. The approach of this force prompted Raza Sahib to demand Clive's surrender; Clive's response was an immediate rejection, and he further insulted Raza Sahib by suggesting that he should reconsider sending his rabble of troops against a British-held position. He was allowed to sit in the Commons because his peerage was Irish. Now about what Clive did in India: they were only “so-called crimes”. Dr Nevil Maskelyne, fifth Astronomer Royal, in Madras. One finally went up in 1953, two years before the condition of ‘a positive contribution to human welfare and happiness’ was written into the plaque scheme’s awarding criteria. Born into a Shropshire gentry family, Clive was prone to fighting as a boy, and was variously educated in Cheshire, London and Hertfordshire. What other items do customers buy after viewing this item? His whole army amounted to 1,100 Europeans and 2,100 sepoy troops, with nine field-pieces. Mir Jafar had finally rebelled over payments to British officials, and Clive's successor had put Kasim Ali Khan, Mir Jafar's son-in-law upon the musnud (throne). Clive “had form” on this particular cultural front as well. He's known by history as Clive of India. Even allowing for overestimation this was considerably more than Clive's force of approximately 540 British infantry, 600 Royal Navy sailors, 800 local sepoys, fourteen field guns and no cavalry. See more » Barbara McLean. In this he was aided by the news of reverses in Bengal. But he had discerned the importance of the province even during his first visit to its rich delta, mighty rivers and teeming population. "[34], On the expedition's return the process of restoring Madras was completed. He was awakened by the alarm, and was instantly at his post ... After three desperate onsets, the besiegers retired behind the ditch. [64] He was buried in St Margaret's Parish Church at Moreton Say, near his birthplace in Shropshire. In 1760, after gaining control over Bihar, Odisha and some parts of the Bengal, Ali Gauhar and his Mughal Army of 30,000 intended to overthrow Mir Jafar and the Company in order to reconquer the riches of the eastern Subahs for the Mughal Empire. Clive, now promoted to lieutenant-colonel in the British Army, took part in the capture of the fortress of Gheriah, a stronghold of the Maratha Admiral Tuloji Angre. Clive lost hardly any European troops; in all 22 sepoys were killed and 50 wounded. The Family Home of Clive of India. ADMINISTRATOR Clive of India is a 1935 American historical biographical film, starring Ronald Colman, based on Robert, Lord Clive's life. 4.7 out of 5 stars 6. This fact is mentioned in a letter from the secret committee of the court of directors to the Madras government, dated 27 April 1768. Monsoons ravaged the land forces, and the local support claimed by their client was not in evidence. In 1761 Robert Clive was elected an MP for Shrewsbury, and elevated to the peerage in the following year. There was no inquest on his death and he cut his throat with a paper knife penknife, while a few newspapers reported his death as due to an apoplectic fit or stroke. The tortoise had been the pet of Robert Clive, the famous British military officer in colonial India around the middle of the 18th century, a local minister in West Bengal state said. The vote that followed completely exonerated Clive, who was commended for the "great and meritorious service" he rendered to the country. The date was 12 August 1765, the place Benares, the throne an English dining-table covered with embroidered cloth and surmounted by a chair in Clive's tent. - Order by Phone 1-800-336-4627 Major-General Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, KB, FRS, also known as Clive of India, Commander-in-Chief of British India, was a British officer and privateer who established the military and political supremacy of the East India Company in Bengal. [11], In return for the Awadhian provinces Clive secured from the emperor one of the most important documents in British history in India, effectively granting title of Bengal to Clive. Clive’s defence – ‘I stand astonished at my own moderation’, he said of his fortune-hunting – saw him exonerated by parliament in 1773. [20] Clive arrived at Fort St. George in June 1744, and spent the next two years working as little more than a glorified assistant shopkeeper, tallying books and arguing with suppliers of the East India Company over the quality and quantity of their wares. Questioned about some of the large sums of money he had received while in India, Clive pointed out that they were not contrary to accepted company practice, and defended his behaviour by stating "I stand astonished at my own moderation" given opportunities for greater gain. Robert Clive was born on 29th September 1725 and died on 22nd November 1774. Synopsis: In the mid-1700's the East India Company has power over commerce on the sub-continent, with the blessings of the British government. Were estimated by investors at £2,000,000 ( £0.6 billion in 2009 ) arriving there in.... 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Ali Khan Wallajah, fled to Trichinopoly where he became the deputy governor of fort St. David at Cuddalore despite! Chronicler and biographer killed and 137 wounded., his ship was detained for nine months while repairs were.. To surprise the small British force was, and was able to recapture Calcutta from the field of Buxar declined. [ 25 ] the British, under Colonel Francis Forde, defeated the ships the Dutch the!

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